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BIS2311 Object Oriented Analysis and Design PORTFOLIO of Individual Performance M00377969 Shanaz Fatima Middlesex University, Dubai Contents Contents2 Contents in WEB Preview3 Assignments:4 Week 1 – User Requirements 14 Marks (out of 10) =4 Week 2 – User Requirements 24 Marks (out of 10) =4 Week 3 – Use Cases 14 Marks (out of 10) =4 Week 4 – Use Cases 24 Marks (out of 10) =4 Week 5 – Use Cases 34 Marks (out of 10) =4 Week 6 – Class Diagrams 15 Marks (out of 10) =5 Week 7– Class Diagrams 25 Marks (out of 10) =5 Week 8 – Consolidation5 Marks (out of 10) =5 Week 95 Marks (out of 10) =5 Week 105Marks (out of 10) =5 Week 116 Marks (out of 10) =6 Week 126 Marks (out of 10) =6 Week 13 – Consolidation6 Marks (out of 10) =6 Week 14 – Sequence Diagrams6 Marks (out of 10) =6 Week 15 – Consolidation6 Marks (out of 10) =6 Week 16 – Consolidation7 Marks (out of 10) =7 Week 17 – Resubmission7 Marks (out of 10 ) =7 Week 18 – Resubmission7 Marks (out of 10) =7 Week 19 – Resubmission7 Marks (out of 10) =7 Week 20 – Resubmission7 Marks (out of 10) =7 Own/Additional Work and Examples:8 Contents in WEB Preview Contents Contents in WEB Preview Assignments: Week 1 – User Requirements 1 Marks (out of 10) =Week 2 – User Requirements 2 Marks (out of 10) = Week 3 – Use Cases 1 Marks (out of 10) = Week 4 – Use Cases 2 Marks (out of 10) = Week 5 – Use Cases 3 Marks (out of 10) = Week 6 – Class Diagrams 1 Marks (out of 10) = Week 7– Class Diagrams 2 Marks (out of 10) = Week 8 – Consolidation Marks (out of 10) = Week 9 Marks (out of 10) = Week 10 Marks (out of 10) = Week 11 Marks (out of 10) = Week 12 Marks (out of 10) = Week 13 – Consolidation Marks (out of 10) = Week 14 – Sequence Diagrams Marks (out of 10) = Week 15 – Consolidation Marks (out of 10) = Week 16 – Consolidation Marks (out of 10) =Wee k 17 – Resubmission Marks (out of 10) = Week 18 – Resubmission Marks (out of 10) = Week 19 – Resubmission Marks (out of 10) = Week 20 – Resubmission Marks (out of 10) = Own/Additional Work and Examples: Assignments: Week 1 – User Requirements 1 Case Study: VFS Global helps governments and embassies process travellers’ visa applications securely and efficiently. The authorities outsource the administrative tasks involved to VFS Global. Its support work allows the relevant authorities to make decisions about issuing visas more quickly and process applications more cost effectively.VFS Global manages visa application centres for the UK Border Agency in UAE, where you should submit your completed visa application form, supporting documents and biometric data. You can also email or phone (call rates apply) the VFS Global call centre if you have a general enquiry about UK visas or the visa application process. |Visa applications may be submitted a t any of the ten application centers across India and Nepal. All applications are assessed | |at The Canada High Commission, New Delhi or the Consulate General in Chandigarh. |An interview, if required, can be conveniently scheduled at the application centre. | |All information required to apply for a temporary resident visa for Canada is available on this site. Please read the | |information carefully to expedite the processing of your application. | |If you have already applied for a visa, you can Track Your Application using our visa Application Tracker service. Biometrics | |will be collected using a quick, discreet and non-intrusive process that captures a 10-digit fingerprint scan with a digital | |finger scanner. |You should ensure that their fingertips are free from any forms of decoration (henna, for example), abrasions or other | |markings, and that any facial cuts and bruises have healed or disappeared prior to providing their biometric data as these may | |affect their a bility to provide acceptable finger-scans and photographs. | |Applicant who are physically unable to provide a fingerprint scan, will have to provide a medical certificate to support their | |claim Visa applications may be submitted at any of the ten application centers acrossIndia and Nepal. All applications are | |assessed at The Canada High Commission, New Delhi or the Consulate General in Chandigarh. | |An interview, if required, can be conveniently scheduled at the application centre. | |All information required to apply for a temporary resident visa for Canada is available on this site. Please read the | |information carefully to expedite the processing of your application. | |If you have already applied for a visa, you can Track Your Application using our visa Application Tracker service. | | | | | | | | |User Requirements: | |Suha: | |Record the applicants details | |Forward applicants details to UK Embassy | |Sana: | |Track applications | |Manage appointments | |Shanaz: | |Record Biometrics data | |Schedule appointment | |Assumptions: | |For point 2 the saved data by the back office is forwarded to the UK embassy | |For point 4 the appointments are managed by the STAFF i. e confirming the appointment of the respective applicant | |For point 6 the appointments are in regards to the applicants prior to the interview. | Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Asked to elaborate on the user requirements Week 2 – User Requirements 2 BIS2311 Object Oriented Analysis and Design Assignment 2 Distinguish BetweenMethod: A means or manner of procedure, especially a regular and systematic way of accomplishing something Methodology: A  methodology  is usually a guideline system for solving a problem, with specific components such as phases, tasks, methods, techniques and tools Life Cycles: is a process of creating or altering information systems, and the models and  methodologies  that people use to develop these systems Software development proc ess: A software development process or life cycle is a structure imposed on the development of a software product. There are several models for such processes, each describing approaches to a variety of tasks or activities that take place during the process. Methodology & modeling language: A modeling language is any artificial language that can be used to express information or knowledge or systems in a structure that is defined by a consistent set of rules.The rules are used for interpretation of the meaning of components in the structure Requirements: Sana: 1. Generate membership report 2. Process payment Shanaz: 3. Generate letters 4. Archive back up Suha: 5. Scan membership card to identify member 6. Archiving expired membership record. Assumptions For point 1 the membership report is an output For point 2 is the payment is only cash or bank statement For point 3 the letter are only emails Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Was asked to write assumptions Week 3 – Use Ca ses 1 Use case: sequence of actions carried out by the system to achieve some purpose that is meaningful for an external user or system.Actor: someone who directly uses the system. Use case diagram: diagram showing use case & actors and the associations between them. Functional requirements: requirements met by the system- with the scope of the system Non functional requirements: Context: A set of scenarios in which a set of objects are involved. Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 4 – Use Cases 2 Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 5 – Use Cases 3 Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 6 – Class Diagrams 1 Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 7– Class Diagrams 2 Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 8 – Consolidation Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 9 Marks (out of 10) =Feedback Notes: Week 10 Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 11 Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 12 Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 13 – Consolidation Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 14 – Sequence Diagrams Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 15 – Consolidation Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 16 – Consolidation Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 17 – Resubmission Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 18 – Resubmission Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 19 – Resubmission Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Week 20 – Resubmission Marks (out of 10) = Feedback Notes: Own/Additional Work and Examples:

Captain Top of Form

How does Duffy present the theme of time in ‘The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team'? In the poem, ‘The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team' by Carol Ann Duffy, many themes are frequently explored, time is a huge theme presented throughout, there are many relations and connections to time and how it changes people, affects our behaviour etc, this theme if explored by Duffy using a variety of techniques including structure, language, dramatic techniques and imagery used. Firstly time is explored in detail by the structure of the poem. The title of the poem gives us the insight that the poem is stuck in time, due to the date. Shows it must be about past tense or reminiscing. This maybe makes the poem more meaningful and personal. The poem is written in the first person as it is the â€Å"Captain that is speaking to someone. The 4 stanzas in the poem all of various lengths show the structure of the poem is disjointed suggesting that this is his trail of thought and his mind all over the place, maybe trying to understand and relive the past. This is done using pauses and short sentences, the short sentences may also show that the narrator is becoming very excited and erratic, almost childlike that he remembers so much and is excited to tell his story. There is no rhythm to the poem again showing that he hasn’t had time to collect his ideas together, almost in a rush trying to reveal all the information and just blabbing it all out without thinking, the use of no rhythm affects the poem as it makes it seem more playful, if a rhythm had been used it may seem more formal. Language is also important to show the theme of time. The poem is in an informal tone, showing a more chatty/conversation which seems more childlike and friendly. (â€Å"Oh pretty women were in the Top Ten that month†). The use of the informal chat shows he feels bubbly and happy perhaps showing that this is a happier stage in his life, and he prefers talking about the past than the present. Duffy has used a lot of past tense verbs e. g. â€Å"pulled† , â€Å"smiled†, this also shows that the story is about the past and how he keeps reminiscing over and over about the things he did. The choice of persona distances the poem from Duffy and gives her the opportunity to view the issues from a more objective perspective. However the tone of the poem isn’t dull it is very jumpy, highlighting the narrator’s energy, optimism and pride in himself. Duffy demonstrates this by using adjectives like ‘fizzing’, ‘whooped’ and ‘blew like Mick’, she also shows his confidence by using self-assured phases like ‘No snags’, ‘Come on’, ‘I smiled’. Dramatic techniques are also used frequently through Duffy’s poem to help exaggerate the theme of time. She uses music to set the scene in the first stanza,' Do Wah Diddy Diddy, Baby Love, Oh Pretty Woman' emphasizing on the widespread impact of pop music. There is a sense of a boy, cramming information, I can give you the B-side of the Supremes one. Hang on. Come See About Me? Overall the feeling is one of optimism. I think the use of the music and songs is to give the childhood and fun feeling, the use of the old pop music shows he is reminiscing on old times and not focusing on the present, the fact he is singing shows he isn’t afraid to express himself, seeming quite happy and chirpy, the poem would se em more controlled and restricted making us question whether he actually enjoyed his past. The use of these dramatic techniques make the narrator seems he has no care in the world also draws on his freedom. Imagery helps us even more see the theme of the time in the poem. In the third stanza we are presented with the image of a proud mother â€Å"My mother kept my mascot Gonk on the TV set for a year. † There is also an emphasis of British context through the use of road names up ‘Churchill Road’ and ‘up Nelson Drive'. In the second stanza the speaker describes going down a hill on his bike â€Å"I sped down Dyke Hill, no hands, famous, learning† the use of this gives the image of freedom and how children speed away on their bikes without any care in the world. This could also relate to time, like him speeding away on his bike, time seems to be going so fast, flashing before his eyes.

McDonalds and Social Responsibility

All companies have a responsibility to the public to ensure that their products are not harmful in any manner.   Presently, America is facing a national health crisis as the number of adults and children suffering from obesity continue to rise.   Companies that provide food to the public need to make sure their foods are nutritious and fit for human consumption. McDonalds was socially responsible in their actions to stop super-sizing food items.   McDonalds is aware of the obesity epidemic in America, and eliminating the oversized food servings might help in some small way.  Ã‚  Ã‚   After all, McDonalds has been nicknamed the â€Å"calorie king,† (Good Business Deeds, 2004).   Moreover, Morgan Spurlock caused McDonalds to be pressured even more after making a documentary of his experience of eating only food from McDonalds for a month.   He â€Å"gained 25 pounds, his cholesterol level soared, and his liver became impaired,† (McDocumented – One Month of living on Only McDonalds Food, n.d.). On the other hand, is McDonalds to blame for the obesity problems in America?   Hasn’t McDonalds always been socially responsible?   McDonalds has been in business for decades and has maintained life long customers and many of them are not obese.   McDonalds provides most of the same food products that it has always provided, including salads.   Is it their fault that people choose to order a burger and fries instead?   Maybe we need to look at the personal responsibility of consumers.   Society has changed, and more Americans lead a sedentary lifestyle than in the past.   Becoming more physically active definitely plays a role in the obesity crisis as much as our diets. Why has McDonalds been singled out over the super-sizing issue?   Even convenience stores provide super-sized soft drinks.   McDonalds is socially responsible, but individuals need to take more personal responsibility in eating a balanced diet and exercising. â€Å"In the 1990s, McDonalds spent over $3 billion dollars on recycled products,† (Good Business Deeds, 2004).   This clearly demonstrates that McDonalds is making an effort to be socially responsible.   Not just for show, but because of the values of the company.   â€Å"We take seriously our commitment to conducting our business in a way that respects the world around us and the issues that matter most to you,† (McDonalds Corporation, 2004). Although they will no longer continue to super-size, some consumers will eat twice as much of the regular size.   McDonalds is not to blame for gluttony.   McDonalds is simply providing a service that consumers want, fast and convenient foods.  Ã‚   That is what restaurants do.   They provide the types of food that people want to eat.   If consumers didn’t enjoy the food at McDonalds they wouldn’t buy it.   The problem with obesity is not a McDonalds issue. The problem is that too many Americans do not want to take responsibility for their personal choices.   McDonalds has restaurants all over the world, including most countries in Asia.   However, most people in Asian countries are fit and trim.   McDonalds is serving up the same food to them as it is to Americans, but they are not suffering from obesity.   May our problem is greed.   We are a materialistic society and we stuff our mouths with food, our closets with excessive clothing, and our bank accounts with money. We never seem to be able to satisfy our appetites.   So when McDonalds eliminated super-sized products we started eating twice as much of the smaller portions.   Whether or not a restaurant serves large or small portions, we will eat as much food as we want to eat.   The ‘food police’ cannot control how much anyone chooses to eat.   And we will continue to gain weight and suffer from poor health.   But this is the law of cause and effect.   Because we eat in excess we are affecting our health.   Because we refuse to exercise, our bodies will fail us.   It is not up to the government to punish the companies that make or provide food.   It is up to each person to take the time to plan and eat balance and healthy meals. We eat at McDonalds because we want instant gratification.   Isn’t it faster and easier to grab a burger on the way home from work, than to go home and good real food?   Isn’t it easier to take diet pills than to take a 30-minute walk each day?   We have the option of making decisions that are best for our health.   Unfortunately, the sad truth is that many of us are choosing to be obese, and we are in denial.   Our health is our responsibility. References Good Business Deeds (2004).   Retrieved April 8, 2007 from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec04/corporate_12-23.html McDocument – One Month of Living on Only McDonalds Food (n.d.).   Retrieved April 8, 2007 from http://www.plastic.com/article.html;sid=04/01/28/07585282 McDonalds Corporation (2004).   Responsibility.   Retrieved April 8, 2007 from http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/values/report/archive.RowPar.0001.ContentPar.0001.ContentPar0007.DownloadFiles.0001.File.tmp/CR_Report_(Revised).pdf            

Parents and Children Relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parents and Children Relationships - Essay Example Parents and Children Relationships Children have indeed conflicted with their parents since a long time. One may think that children today are more likely to conflict with their parents. However, parent-child conflict is an old one, and this has been manifested in parents struggling to guide their children while children struggle to project their individuality. Regarding individuality, there are many aspects to look at. To begin with, developing one's individuality starts at an early age. Children learn to develop their own tastes in whatever they do, and in whatever social setting they grow up in. Parents often try and intervene and decide what is best for their children. Often, children disagree with their parents in such matters. In other cases, some children accept their parents' choices, but do not remain satisfied. Some children choose to over power their parents' decisions. This is particularly because parents often forget to give their children the flexibility they need to project their personalities. However, in many cases, children insist on choosing what they want even when certain things are not really good for them. This is where parents need to have the final say.Having a final say in matters is a tool that parents need to use very carefully. Often, parents can overuse this power, and it can be very damaging for their children (Ruys, 2005). Though it is an integral tool for many parents, it is one that must be used within reason. Parents of yesteryears and today have experienced the rebellious nature of their children at some point (McGloin and Widom, 2001,1022-37). Though this nature may be more visible today, children of yesteryears also struggled to be recognized as individuals. Apparently, the struggle by children to project their individual personalities in different ways is an instinctive nature in most developing children. It is one that parents need to understand and deal with appropriately. It is difficult and wrong to oppose or suppress this nature because one cannot and should not smother an individual's personality as it blossoms (Mahoney and Stattin, 2000, 114-26). Parents ought to handle their growing children as growing and unique personalities. Children need to be recognized as individuals. When children learn that they are being recognized as individuals, they feel more confident and grow up to be reliant on their own unique personalities. They also tend to understand themselves better this way. There is also need to exercise good control over children when necessary. This is because young minds may not always know right from wrong (Silk, 2003, 114-127). Parents need to inform their children in a positive way about what is right and wrong. Being firm at times is necessary, but not always. Sometimes, a better measure is to resort to drilling or engraining what is right and wrong from a very young age. This reinforces their awareness about certain things (Harde, 2002). If parents manage to engrain core values in their children, it becomes easier to explain to them why they should or should not do certain things when they grow older. However, having said that, there are numerous factors to consider as a child grows up (Harde, 2002). There are many unforeseen circumstances that families may land

The Role of International Employer Branding Research Paper

The Role of International Employer Branding - Research Paper Example Every organization needs to hire efficient people and with the different pressures that currently prevail in business industries; there is a need for employers to treat their employees with care and rationality. Strong management of employer brand has been the concern of business organizations more when expectations from the working employees are severe in nature (Barrow and Mosley). The concept of employer branding includes attention and consideration of the values of people. Through employer branding, organizations tend to express their values more such that the goals and objectives of the organizations may be managed in the right directions (Sparrow, Brewster and Harris, 118). Studies reveal that the most important expectations of employer branding include ease in attracting candidates, recognition as employer of choice, increased rates of retention, shortened time-to-fill, delivery of vision and values program, higher job acceptance rate, increase in number of unsolicited resumes , setting a standard and framework for all HR activity, increased appreciation for people activity among wider business, benefits to the service delivered to commercial customers, and large number of internal fills (Rosethorn, 63). The present study considers all these factors and focuses on an understanding of employer branding at an international level. 2. Definitions: While considering a study on employer branding, it is essential to understand its meaning and the key issues associated with it in terms of its use within business organizations. 2.1. Defining Key Issues of Employer Branding: There are certain key issues that define the role of employer branding in an organization. The most significant issues include the mandatories, objectives, process description of creating an employer brand, and discussion of the issues. Employer branding needs to take the responsibilities of coordination among the HR departments and employees, the reduction of cultural differences, the strategi c approach to long term economic benefits and incorporation of innovative research methods. The objectives in this regard involve presenting the employer in the best manner, ascertain confidence, direction and exclusivity, enhance contentment, enthusiasm and identity of working employees, and promote the USP of the organization. The process description involves planning, description and leadership issues being handled by employer branding (Wimmers, 14-15). Employer brand effectively considers the issues arising from the relationship of the employer and the employees. Thus it includes the experiences of all working employees and their expectations from their employer, involving issues like compensations, working environment, opportunities for growth, type of products and types of customers, as well as the expectations that an employer might have from its employees (Praeger, 82). 2.2. Brand Identity: The image or identity of a brand represents the perception of customers and employers in their minds about a particular brand. A brand identity is a message that is communicated to the world about itself by means of advertisement, forms of products, name, visuals, and other signs and symbols. It is essential in this regard to focus on what people are considering to be the message about the brand and what the actual message is since the perceptions might differ

Structure of the Legal Profession in the United Kingdom Term Paper

Structure of the Legal Profession in the United Kingdom - Term Paper Example Functionally, the legal profession in the UK is divided into two separate disciplines of barristers and solicitors. In England and Wales, solicitors outnumber barristers eight to one. Solicitors work behind the desk advising and preparing cases for the clients, whereas barristers represent the cases in the courts. Although diverse, the functions of solicitors and barristers are like two sides of the same coin. The basic qualifications necessary for these two branches are the same. It is only after graduation that those wishing to enter the profession as solicitors have to complete a Legal Practice Course according to the requirement of the Law Society, and those choosing to be barristers have to complete Bar Vocational Course franchised by the General Council of the Bar. Both these courses are of one-year duration. (Legal Education in the United Kingdom) Barristers have the right of audience in the Supreme Court and in all other courts, and they specialize in the different area of operations.   Some barristers may specialize in concerning criminal law, while others may be experts in civil cases. Even within the criminal and civil divisions, there may be sub-divisions. For instance, one barrister may specialize in homicidal matters and another may practice on issues concerning fraud, etc. For the ordinary citizen, solicitors are the first point of contact for legal advice and opinion. The solicitors may then advise the litigant on the appropriate barrister who could pursue the case in a court of law. There is yet one more branch of notaries who are small compared to barristers and solicitors. Notaries are authorized to perform functions such as attestations, authentication, administration of oaths, and other legal roles that are not of the litigious nature.   With the complexity of modern times in social, economic, environment and human rights affairs, together with greater awareness of the general citizenry of the legal opportunities available to them, solicitors and barristers have increasing professional challenges. Solicitors and barristers need each other as they perform complementary roles for one another.

Sexual abuse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexual abuse - Research Paper Example As such, sexual abuse comes in many different forms and can effect a variety of people. Rape and sexual assault, which are non-consensual, forced sexual behaviors, are the most common forms of sexual abuse and can be found in schools, homes, workplaces, on the streets, and even in churches. Rape is the act of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse with them; sexual assault covers a much broader category of behaviors, including flashing, indecent exposure, and torture of another in a sexual fashion. Inappropriately touching or fondling someone else is also a commonly seen type of sexual abuse. Sexual abuse can also be a verbal matter. When some says sexually suggestive statements to anybody, whether to a child or another adult, and the other person disapproves or is offended by what was said, it constitutes as sexual abuse. Calling someone a derogatory name, especially those that specify a gender or a crude sexual suggestion, is called sexual harassment, which is also consi dered to be a type of sexual abuse. ... Other occurrences of child sexual abuse also include forcing a child to look at pornography or using a child to produce what is known as child pornography. When a child is pressured, or even simply just asked, to engage in any sort of sexual activity, they are being subjected to sexual abuse. Since all children are under the age of eighteen are considered to be under the age of consent, even if a sixteen-year-old were to give an adult permission to engage in sexual acts, that adult can still be held responsible for child sexual abuse. The consequences on the victim of sexual abuse can be devastating and permanent, especially if the victim was sexually abused as a child, as the ramifications can continue well into adulthood. When a child is sexually abused, they face many identity issues, such as feeling guilty or blaming themselves about the abuse, which are very common responses if the child was sexually abused by a close family friend or a relative. Sexually abused children have th e ability of developing post-traumatic stress disorder or borderline personality disorder as they enter adulthood; furthermore, â€Å"victims of child sex abuse are over six times more likely to attempt suicide and eight times more likely to repeatedly attempt suicide (Dinwiddie & Heath).† Many teenage victims of sexual abuse become depressed and resort to self-injury as a physical outlet to cope with the feelings associated with the abuse. Additional ramifications of child sexual abuse on the victim as they enter adulthood include alcoholism, anxiety, and antisocial behavior. They become paranoid and develop trust issues that often lead them to experiencing further abuse. Similarly, many victims can also become prone to future

Tuskegee Syphilis Experiments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tuskegee Syphilis Experiments - Essay Example This led to demand of a change on the system to come up with protective rights for the participants. The research participants have a right to be respected despite the type of research being conducted. Research always seeks to learn new things about human conditions and the participants that are involved should not be treated as objects of study but as human beings. If research is being conducted on inanimate objects then there are no moral questions raised but as long as human beings are involved then they must be respected. Individuals should participate in research only if the questions being addressed are important and the risks involved are justifiable. The participant should be informed and participation should be voluntary (Brody, 2007). In addition, the participants have a protection right to having independent review on the risks and benefits of being involved in the study. The investigator needs to ensure that the participants have reviewed the risks and benefits involved and they have seen that they are reasonable. A set structure has the responsibility of conducting the reviews. This opportunity ensures that a participant sees the risks in relation to the potential benefits and volunteers to continue with the research. The risks and benefits should be examined carefully to avoid overlooking the benefits over the risks involved. The participants also have right to privacy during the study. It is a participants right to have privacy interests in relation to personal information, their body, and the space they occupy. Different medical studies affect the domains of privacy through different ways depending on the objectives and methods. The participants have the right to control information related to themselves. Privacy should always be respected and information on the participants should not be disclosed. It is the ethical duty of the investigators or researchers safeguard

Should parents be able to design their own babies Essay

Should parents be able to design their own babies - Essay Example However, what is hidden behind the images of the healthy little girl, is that she has a gene ensuring that she will never fall victim to the HIV virus. Genetic scientists have already found the key that will give man the capacity to change the shape and destiny of human beings. Babies-to-order are no longer the futuristic fantasy of science fiction novels; the ability to design future members of the human race has already become a scientific reality. And as this technique advances, so will man's potential power to create, and fundamentally change, chosen aspects of human genetic make-up. This fact has already been understood by genetic engineering, and is being increasingly applied, as more and more parents opt for embryo screening (Shannon Brownlee, Washington Post, 2002). The choice of having embryo's screened to determine the presence of various life-threatening diseases, became UK law in 1990, with the introduction of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act. Then in April 1997, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe passed the European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (GMO: Genetic Engineering, 2007). The resulting document, which was signed by 41 MP's from different countries, clearly states that genetic testing can only be performed in relation to health purposes, and that gender selection is forbidden, unless pertaining to a serious hereditary sex-related disease (Donald Bruce, 2007).The recent use of the approach of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in determining whether cancer cells were present in embryos, before implanting them into the wombs of four perpective mothers, took the use of PGD one step further. The acceptance of cancer as a possible disease that can now be treated by PGD, has pushed ethical, and legal, barriers forward (Sarah-Kate Templeton, TimesOnline, 2007). This development, and science's recognised ability to introduce esthetic elements into human embryos, are raising serious questions, as concerned groups and organisations attempt to define man's moral, ethical, and social guide lines.According to the BBC; In just four years time, the Human Genome Project, will have unraveled the locations and identities of every single component of the genome..... [this] will help lead to the identification of genes responsible for character traits such as predisposition to happiness and intelligence - as well as physical characteristics such as hair and eye colour (BBC News, 2000). This essay will be considering the question of whether parents should be allowed to design their own babies from two different positions. First, it will consider the arguments of a group of doctors and scientists working on incurable, child killing genetic diseases, who are in favour of granting permission for such approaches as embryo screening. Then it will be considering the position of an environmentally and ethically concerned organisation, which although not fundamentally opposed to genetic engineering approaches, fears that this approach is a step too far, and who therefore will be denying permission. Brussels, September 200.....Conference Report for Doctors & Scientists: Making Decisions for PGD. Man's war against disease, over the past decade, has advanced dramatically through the introduction of such techniques as PGD. This

Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Education - Research Paper Example It can be argued that better education may be an inclination toward better life. The primarily role of education to an individual is the ability to offer knowledge, competence and the skills required of an individual to participate effectively in the happenings of the society as well as the economy. Education has the capacity to improve the lives of individuals within the society such that it helps in the development and advancement of political interests, health challenges, wellbeing and participation in civic activities. According to OECD Better Life Index, research studies reveal that educated people within the society lives longer and actively partake in political matters (OECD). Further, individuals with better education participate actively in the communities where they reside, engage less in criminal activities and do not depend on social assistance as their counterparts with no or little education. Better education is somehow equated to better life because of the increased opportunities and potential that quality education offers in securing good employment and pocketing good earnings. When compared to individuals with poor educational background, educated members of the society are affected by the unemployment tendencies to a lesser extent because the educational accomplishments make them more attractive to the labor market (Rouse). It is also argued that higher levels of education correspond to increased earnings in the employment market (OECD). As a result, highly educated people would have the advantage of having higher earnings with the advantage of accessing better services such as health services. Alternatively, individuals can achieve better life without necessarily having better education. The case of Malcolm X for instance, enjoyed better life but did not have the privilege to acquire better education. He had little education but still succeeded in life because the education he acquired was not imperative for his success but helped to understand the world in a much better way. He could communicate effectively with members of the society. He came to understand about several words that existed that he did not have an idea of. The little education that Malcolm got made him to go places, meet people and understand events that took place in the world (Wiener 84). Success in life can arise from individuals with low education but are innovative and productive with their lives. Nonetheless, education is important in helping individuals to improve their understanding of the world and relationship with the society. Talent, motivation and creativity in individuals are the most important elements in the success and prosperity of people (Thiel). These elements are not imparted in individuals through good education; therefore, education cannot be a necessity for better life. Good education is considered as a secondary factor in achieving success and prosp

Truth and Socrates Essay Example for Free

Truth and Socrates Essay Euthyphro – Plato Explain how the concept of holiness emerges in the dialogue and why it takes a prominent position in the conversation between Socrates and Euthyphro. â€Å"Euthyphro answers that there is no difference of opinion, either among gods or men, as to the propriety of punishing a murderer. Yes, rejoins Socrates, when they know him to be a murderer; but you are assuming the point at issue. If all the circumstances of the case are considered, are you able to show that your father was guilty of murder, or that all the gods are agreed in approving of our prosecution of him? And must you not allow that what is hated by one god may be liked by another? Waiving this last, however, Socrates proposes to amend the definition, and say that what all the gods love is pious, and what they all hate is impious. To this Euthyphro agrees. † But the pious or holy is loved by the gods because it is pious or holy, which is equivalent to saying, that it is loved by them because it is dear to them. Here then appears to be a contradiction,Euthyphro has been giving an attribute or accident of piety only, and not the essence. Euthyphro acknowledges himself that his explanations seem to walk away or go round in a circle, like the moving figures of Daedalus, the ancestor of Socrates, who has communicated his art to his descendants. Present the three definitions that Euthyphro uses in his response to Socrates, and then explain how Socrates refutes each of Euthyphro’s definitions. 1) Euthyphro answers that there is no difference of opinion, either among gods or men, as to the propriety of punishing a murderer. Yes, rejoins Socrates, when they know him to be a murderer; but you are assuming the point at issue. If all the circumstances of the case are considered, are you able to show that your father was guilty of murder, or that all the gods are agreed in approving of our prosecution of him? And must you not allow that what is hated by one god may be liked by another? Socrates proceeds to analyze the new form of the definition. He shows that in other cases the act precedes the state; e. g. the act of being carried, loved, etc. precedes the state of being carried, loved, etc. , and therefore that which is dear to the gods is dear to the gods because it is first loved of them, not loved of them because it is dear to them. 2) The next definition, Piety is that which is loved of the gods, is shipwrecked on a refined distinction between the state and the act, corresponding respectively to the adjective (philon) and the participle (philoumenon), or rather perhaps to the participle and the verb (philoumenon and phileitai). The act is prior to the state (as in Aristotle the energeia precedes the dunamis); and the state of being loved is preceded by the act of being loved. But piety or holiness is preceded by the act of being pious, not by the act of being loved; and therefore piety and the state of being loved are different. Through such subtleties of dialectic Socrates is working his way into a deeper region of thought and feeling. He means to say that the words loved of the gods express an attribute only, and not the essence of piety. 3) Then follows the third and last definition, Piety is a part of justice. Thus far Socrates has proceeded in placing religion on a moral foundation. He is seeking to realize the harmony of religion and morality, which the great poets Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Pindar had unconsciously anticipated, and which is the universal want of all men. To this the soothsayer adds the ceremonial element, attending upon the gods. When further interrogated by Socrates as to the nature of this attention to the gods, he replies, that piety is an affair of business, a science of giving and asking, and the like. Socrates points out the anthropomorphism of these notions, (compare Symp. ; Republic; Politicus. ) But when we expect him to go on and show that the true service of the gods is the service of the spirit and the co-operation Formulate your own argument as to what you think Socrates’s goal is in this dialogue. How do you know that is his goal? What features of the dialogue align with your interpretation of his goal? Generally, we do assume that we know things, although the skeptic is always around to remind us that maybe our confidence shouldnt be too high. The correspondence theorist insists that our knowledge claims are true, or at least very reliable, if our claims match up, or correspond, to the way the world actually is. The coherence theorist, in contrast, suggests that our various beliefs all must fit together, or cohere, correctly. Kant offers an alternative that combines a correspondence theory of truth (that is, our claims are true if they correspond to the world) and a rule–oriented theory of knowledge (that is, what we call knowledge must not break any of the rules that give us the ability to make those knowledge claims in the first place). a. Provide your own definition of piety/holiness and then create a Socratic response/critique of your definition. After you present your definition, take on the role of Socrates and respond to your own definition as you think he would.

Chart and Reflection Essay Example for Free

Chart and Reflection Essay 1980 Election This was a political event because it caused a change in the government. Americans wanted a firm, patriotic leader who had a plan to fix the economic problems carrying over from the 1970s. Jimmy Carter was running for reelection, and Americans overall were very unhappy with his leadership. Ronald Reagan emerged as his challenger, a former actor with great public skills and a plan. They elected Ronald Reagan in 1980 who had a controversial plan for fixing the U.S. economy, later dubbed â€Å"Reaganomics. † 1980  Reagan Doctrine Treaty of 1987 the presidents foreign policy in the 1980s of supporting anti-Communist revolutions. reduced existing weapons. the Reagan Doctrine would not shy away from directly confronting Soviet-supported regimes or groups. prevent nuclear proliferation in our own territory and around the globe.   U.S. support favored groups that, while not Communist, were not democratic either. The most controversial of these efforts was in Nicaragua. Mikhail Gorbachev took control of the Soviet Union. He believed that the future of the Soviet Union depended on important reforms and began to implement two programs. the policy led to U.S. involvement in conflicts around the world. Part 2: Answer the following questions in a complete paragraph of your own words. Do you think President Ronald Reagans policies had a positive or negative effect on the country overall? Explain your response. Reagans foreign policy actions were very positive because they lead to the end of the Cold War and the threat of communism that had been plaguing America for decades. What do you think was the most significant event of the 1980s and why? -Ronald Reagan elected president -Britains elite SAS frees Iranian embassy in London after being taken over by terrorists -52 Americans held hostage are returned home after 444 days in captivity -Ronald Reagan survives an assassination attempt by John Hinckley -Riots in Brixton and inner cities in Britain -Britains Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencers wedding -Discovery of AIDS virus These events are significant because they have had an impact on our country today.

The Modern Theory Of Business Strategy Business Essay

The Modern Theory Of Business Strategy Business Essay Strategizing is much more than just visioning, forecasting, planning and reviewing. In the new rapidly changing economy, all important tasks of strategy have been redefined as issues of implementation. These days strategizing is concerned with the match between the internal capabilities of the company and its external environment. The modern subject of business strategy is a set of analytic tools techniques for understanding better, and so influencing, a companys position in its actual and potential marketplace. As strategy today is a subject of application; the obvious key disciplines for strategy are economics and organizational culture. One needs to employ them to define a structure in which the process of strategy formulation and its implementation are bound together. Putting it simply, strategy refers to the technique or direction one would adopt in achieving a certain objective. For business purposes, objectives are usually more precisely defined using numerical values 10% increase in sales in the next year could be an example of a business objective (sales). Objectives differ depending upon the conditions one may find himself in and therefore would result in the adoption of varied strategies. Business strategy refers to the combined strategies of single business firm or a strategic business unit (SBU) in a diversified corporation. A firm must devise a business strategy that incorporates either cost leadership, differentiation or focus and the like in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage and long-term success in its areas or industries. 1b) How strategy can be constructed and carried out effectively, even by small businesses? There could be political strategies, business strategies, social strategies and so on. It is nothing but natural for strategies to differ in matter but they all share some common issues that get addressed in the process. So, in order to work on strategic substance it is imperative to understand the issues that need to be answered in our strategic choices. Firstly, strategies are to be thought of in long term basis. Strategies are formed keeping in mind the vision of an organization that helps further decide the direction to be taken. Vision is basically the broad reason for an organizations existence. This being the first structural block. Secondly, strategies are formulated under the characteristics of an organizations strengths and weaknesses. The resources and competencies of a firm help define and shape the variety of strategic choices available to the management to choose from. This forms the second major structural block and alongside the first lays the basic foundation for strategy formation. The rest is basically a web where we need to analyse the current domain of the organizations activities and possible future expansion, the culture of the organization, the values and expectations of stakeholders, the operational and business environment and the competition. Once this analysis is done, strategies can be derived that help to provide a competitive advantage in the current environment after considering its expected future outcome. This aspect is very important as strategies cannot be altered time and again. They should keep room for a little change as they have to stand the test of time and therefore need to be aligned correspondingly to dynamic business environments. To sum it up, strategies are essentially long term choices of an organization that define the manner in which competitive advantage shall be obtained, alongside the fulfillment of stakeholders expectations, within the boundaries of the organizations strengths and weaknesses. Evidently, the process of developing strategies is a tedious one and requires concrete analysis of many inter-related factors. It is extremely complex and has an inherent uncertainty about its conception. However, a careful analysis of the business environment including that of competitors can greatly reduce this complexity. As a strategy developer one has to be in harmony with the vagueness of the opportunity costs for a particular strategic choice and once decided, should focus entirely on the chosen strategic direction. All actions are linked to the strategy of the organization and hence a thorough analysis of various direct and indirect factors is critical to its success. The most important strategic choice a small organization can make is prepare to do battle with the future, which includes five steps. Step 1: Anticipate both threats and windows of opportunities for the vision and mission of the organization. Step 2: Decide how to react to these emerging threats and opportunities. Step 3: Identify the source from which those risks and opportunities will come from. Step 4: Identify when the risks will hit or if the opportunity is really valuable. Step 5: Execute necessary actions to mitigate the threats or take advantage of the opportunities. Strategic planning for a small business doesnt have to be as formal, or as detailed as with a large company. The most important step to take is to strike up a discussion with your customers, employees, vendors, investors, and do your homework about your competitors. It helps to talk about your strategy with a partner, advisor, or trusted consultant to reduce ambiguity and bring some focus to your mind around the strategic issues that could impact your business in the future. The biggest mistake a small business owner can do for his organization is, be unprepared or surprised by unfolding future events. Even if he simply thinks things through in his mind and then briefly share his strategic choices or decisions with his employees, he will be ahead of the curve and enabling people to understand how they can connect with his strategy. For a small business working toward a strategic plan the one thing that can make a lot of difference is to commit all the strategic decision to paper. This is one move ahead of many of its competitors. Inviting the strongest employees to respond to the strategic issues, concerns and getting them involved so they feel some ownership in this simple process brings a clear and thorough insight into the strategic planning. Arranging a strategy adaptation meeting with all hands twice a year for a couple of hours to clarify the direction, make adjustments and respond to questions is yet another time-proven way of facing the changing business demographics. The strategic analysis should look at six aspects of the business. The customers: Figure out who your customers are now, who they will be in the future, how they are changing, and what they will want in the future. The people and talent: What skills and capabilities will be needed to address the threats and opportunities? How many people, what kind of new roles will be needed, how will peoples roles change in the future to handle the threats and grab the opportunities? Will the organization grow and are we developing the leadership to manage the changes coming? The Suppliers and Vendor: Can they give you what will be required to meet future challenges? Are there new offerings that can help you resolve your particular business issues? The Competitors: Who are the players in your market? What are the strengths they possess? How can you take advantage of their vulnerabilities with your unique capabilities? The Products and Services: Are you preparing something new and value added for your customers or users which enable them to be more productive? The Organizational infrastructure technology: What will the organization need to do differently in the future to keep up with new and emerging customers? Are you using technology to improve productivity? Strategy really isnt rocket science; rather it is a common sense and a willingness to ask some challenging questions and bringing the workable answers. Be willing to think it through, communicate with others, and solicit additional perspectives. Writing down the conclusions and sharing them with the rest of the organization. Lastly, issuing a call to work on strategic action each day to compliment the routine tactical work that has to be done to pay the bills and meet current obligations. All of the above help the small business stay ahead of the curve. 1c) The value of using key analytical tools to help in the strategy-making process Strategic Analysis This is all about analysing the strength of position of business and understanding the important external factors that may influence that position. The process of Strategic Analysis can be helped by a number of tools, including: PEST Analysis a technique for understanding the environmentin which a business operates [See Appendix A for details] Porters Five Forces Analysis a technique for identifying the forces which affect the level of competition within an industry [See Appendix A for details] Competitor Analysis a broad range of techniques and analysis that seeks to summarise a businessesoverall competitive position Critical Success Factor Analysis a technique to identify those key areas in which a business must outperform the competition in order to succeed SWOT Analysis a useful summary technique for summarising the key issues arising from an assessment of a businesses internalposition and externalenvironmental influences. Analytical methods and tools are key to ensuring that consistency and an appropriate level of rigour is applied to the analysis. The aim of the analytical tool is to intensify the focus of the analysis and to ensure a methodical and a balanced approach. All analytical tools rely on historical and statistical data to extrapolate future assumptions. It is important to exercise caution when interpreting strategic analysis results. Otherwise the analysis may be influenced by preconceived notions within the organisation which seek to validate a particular strategic assumption. One of the key skills of a strategic analyst is in understanding which analytical tools or techniques are most appropriate to the objectives of the analysis. One of the most common analytical tool used in devising a business strategy is SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis is a simple but widely used tool that helps in understanding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or business activity. It starts by defining the objective of the business activity and identifies the internal and external factors that are important to achieving that objective. strengths and weaknesses are usually internal to the organisation, while opportunities and threats are usually external. Often these are plotted on a simple 22 matrix. Strengths à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What does your organisation do better than others? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What are your unique selling points? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What do your competitors and customers in your market perceive as your strengths? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What is your organisations competitive edge? Opportunities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What political, economic, social-cultural, or technology (PEST) changes are taking place that could be favourable to you? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Where are there currently gaps in the market or unfulfilled demand? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What new innovation could your organisation bring to the market? Weakness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What do other organisations do better than you? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What elements of your business add little or no value? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What do competitors and customers in your market perceive as your weakness? Threats à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What political, economic, social-cultural, or technology (PEST) changes are taking place that could be unfavourable to you? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What restraints to you face? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What is your competition doing that could negatively impact you? 2) Based on the case study, carry out an analysis of Making It Bigs: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ strengths and weaknesses, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ opportunities and threats Strengths Making It Big has had wonderful years over the past couple of years. For the last 10 years MIB enjoyed steady average sales increase of 12%. This was made possible due to the fact that Cynthia, the owner of the business, contributed significant amount of her time and effort to keep the cash flow running. Cynthia learned the whole trade of a business at an early age and rode on the surge of the feminism movements. She was already mentally prepared and economically challenged to take on the risky path of setting up her own venture. Her earlier stint with Cheap Frills also enabled her to learn the tricks of trade and get really close to the suppliers, manufacturers, whole-sellers and customers. This proved to be a foundational platform that let her project her thoughts and evaluate an opportunity that can be filled. Hence, the birth of Making It Big took place. This opportunity was plus-size clothing manufacturing selling business. It was only possible for her to evaluate and pick such an opportunity because she was able to put herself in the shoes of the her potential customers. She, being a female and a fat one at that, helped her empathize her customers and bring to them a product that can truly add value to their lives. Besides, she had personal beliefs of strengthening fat women. For that she had to attend various seminars, feminism conferences, fashion shows and other such social events to market her clothing collection of the season as well as learning more about the reservations of her customers. She had to use these platforms to raise awareness and to strengthen the fat category of female population to lead a normal life. This step of approaching a new customer bracket is always risky and frought with FUD phenomena among customers. FUD phenomena also known as Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt, leaves a whole set of problems of manufacturin g, marketing and selling for the niche to be addressed. It also turned out in the very beginning that no manufacturer is willing to accept orders to custom make plus-sized ladies garments for a new venture. To overcome these challenges, Cynthia needed a partner, an expert in the area of ladies garments manufacturing, a dedicated sales person, a manufacturing facility, long list of suppliers, transporters, sewing staff and other office personnel. Moreover, she was also supposed to raise awareness and market her products to the category of fat women who usually stay indoor. One of her strengths played in the initial stages of her setup was a brilliant discovery of an expert seamstress as a contractor who helped MIB hire/train more such experts. This solved a major issue of getting the staff ready to take on the challenges that may lay ahead. It has been observed over years that staffing alone can take running businesses down if care is not taken and successful businesses have always invested largely on human resources functions. Therefore Cynthia focused on selecting and grooming a culture among employees who were hard-working and committed individuals. This strengthened the confidence of MIBs management on employees performance especially during times of tight money supply. This enables management to take sound decisions and face competition without fear of being wiped out. Another factor that improved the success rate of MIB tremendously was that Cynthia had two parallel businesses Cheap Frills and MIB running in parallel; with one complementing the other. In such circumstances, its easy to loose sight of the direction due to the division of owners attention. However, Cynthia managed it well and had highly motivated staff to take care of both of her businesses. This helped Cynthia maintain a healthy level of cash flow and also to acquire short-term credit from financial institution. Since, the two businesses were identical therefore there was also some overlap in their customers. Later on, when Cynthia dissolved one of her business, Cheap Frills, she was not only able to generate cash on liquidating its assets but she also converted it to MIBs warehouse. In short, running two businesses had a symbiotic relationship not parasitic and when she sold one of them it benefited the other even more. When it comes to manufacturing, MIB also met with a good luck in that it developed a product line that could carry over the season and still look new item because of different colors. This helped MIB manage SKUs and inventory at the very early stages of manufacturing. This also streamlined MIBs manufacturing processes so that the owner-manager could divert her attention on the more pressing tasks of sales and marketing. Another strength that MIB was successfully able to capitalize on was the idea of using various marketing channels; retail store ads, catalog for mail-in orders and a comprehensive website. Especially, when it comes to mail-in orders, Cynthia used a very unconventional approach of reaching out to the customer segment of fat women. This approach let MIB reach true potential customers, read fat women, rather than shot-gunning all the housholds in the area for search of potential customers. This caused MIB to develop strong relationship with new customers and repeat sales were possible apart from saving tremendous amounts of marketing budgets for a yet growing MIB. Weaknesses One of the biggest weaknesses that was figured out for MIB is the improvisational style of business that cannot cope with change. This style, although good for executing short-term goals while maintaining a tight grip on cash flow, is difficult to adapt to changing external factors. Cynthia, being the owner-manager, did not have a business degree to start with. She was working on her business purely through determination and intuition. This can bring short-term success but to really succeed in the global scale and expand the business beyond the territorial boundaries, one has to endeavour into the realm of experimentation and critical analysis of the various medium-term strategies and its market acceptance. Secondly, Cynthias partner Janet wasnt contributing much in the early days of MIB as a business startup. Although, she provided the much needed cash other financial help but she lacked dedication. This naturally led Cynthia to take on the role of both the partners and hence the role of strategist in MIB was lost forever. Had Janet been taking care of some of the daily sales and marketing matters then Cynthia would be in a better shape to use the above mentioned analytical tools to provide regular insight into business and the way to look forward to. This lack of strategic planning skills among the top management of MIB caused sales growth to come to stall. Another weakness cited in the case study was that MIB was serving a niche market. Niche markets are always a headache for sales and marketing professional. Customers, fat women staying indoors, were hard to find and their buying patterns, no prior experience or passion of shopping, caused MIB to look for alternate channels of marketing. The case study also points to a claim by industry experts that most retailers dont know how to sell to larger or fat customers. The reason for that was the buying behaviour of those customers in that those women were not working due to their hesitation of the social gathering in general. Thus those women were confined to the indoors and therefore they have to approached within the boundaries of their household. Even though MIB tried various marketing channels but they were still not their. The financial figures show that most of their sales were within their base state, California, and thus there was a huge market outside their base state that still needs to be accessed. Lastly, the case study reveals that MIB employees are over-worked so there is a chance of them leaving MIB despite of their loyalty. This problem is not limited to the leaving of managers only but also to all of the staff members within the organisation. Every year, industry experts quote a huge replacement cost associated with an employee. Therefore its in the best interest of firms to provide enough benefits and compliant human resource policies to retain existing employees. It has also been observed that small firms often make the mistake of not hiring enough employees matching the increase in their business activity. This ultimately leads to employees being overworked and eventually leaving the firm for one of their competitor with better work ethics. The weakness has also been found in MIBs case. Opportunities There are a lot of opportunities that MIB can exploit to project its sales and come out as a successful firm in the long run. In the very early days of MIB setting up its business, Cynthia developed a small line of credit with a bank to improve growth and opportunity. This is very important to enable a startup fulfill the orders that are beyond the financial capacity of the firm. This immediate or sometimes seasonal surge in sales can only be managed by taking short-term loans. MIB easily managed this opportunity and was able to keep sales growing at a steady rate of 12% over 10 years. Another opportunity that knocked on the MIBs door was the fact that Cynthia had no familiarity with mail-order business rules. Those rules were in fact good for marketing of only general household products but MIB was serving a niche market. Had Cynthia invested heavily in a certain mail-order marketing firm, it would have caused severe budgeting problems with no tangible impact on actual sales growth. That niche of a customer segment only stayed indoors and was not very easily approachable. Thus an unconventional approach helped MIB reach its true customers and enable it to cause recurring sales to existing customers. To reach those difficult to find customer, Cynthia regularly attended trade shows to keep up with the trends and new potential customers. This helped her stay in touch with few of her existing customers as well as attract new ones. Since, MIB needed brand awareness and brand recognition all throughout its lifespan apart from saving finances from huge marketing budgets therefore it was prudent to specifically target the potential customers in such events. Cashing on this opportunity caused MIB to stick in this niche marketplace. Another bright opportunity that was unveiled was that women plus-size market is growing in 2000s to $47 billion in 2005. MIB being an established player in this market only has to increase its capacity and reach out to customers. This rather unique opportunity that even the statistics agree is hard to miss for MIB. Moreover, careful strategic planning and evaluation of the outcome can result in tremendous growth of MIB in the years to come. Another NPD groups survey revealed 35% adult Americans as overweight and 26% as obese, 60% women wear 12 plus size and 16% teenage girls are overweight. This revelation is proof enough for Cynthia to invest in finding the right mix of short-term and long-term strategies to boost its sales and in the process increase market share. Thus there are ample growth opportunities that MIB needs to cash in and raise its business value. Threats There are numerous threats that were mentioned in the case study. However, how many of these MIB has been able to identify and take necessary steps is what we have yet to see. One of its competitor Charming Shoppes has a huge market share in plus size apparel industry. Charming Shoppes is acquiring its competitors and growing its business annually with billions of sales and thousands of retail outlets. Taking this competitor head on is difficult and unmanageable. However, the more troublesome situation is if Charming Shoppes shows interest in taking over MIB. Not only will this result in doubts among its customers, suppliers and other stakeholders but it will also create an environment of uncertainty among its employees. This will cause reduction in the productivity of its employees internally and loosing its sales instantly externally. This hostile bid may eventually result in Cynthia succumbing to pressure and even agreeing on weaker terms to sales her business to the giant competitor. Another threat that this niche market is facing is that famous brands like Tommy Hilfiger and Old Navy, have also started releasing plus-size women apparel. With big brands entering this market, there is little room for breathing left for smaller players like MIB. IT currently does not carry any brand recognition. Therefore big brands pose a significant threat to the existing sales of MIB. The market leader, Charming Shoppes, is investing heavily on sophisticated MIS to keep detailed profiles of customers and thus refine direct sales. MIB currently does not possess the financial backbone to undertake such a huge task. The best it can do is to hire more effective sales and marketing personnel to increase market reach beyond its base city and state in order to beat the onslaught of the competition. Lastly, as can be seen from its balance sheet that MIB has more business coming from mail-orders and internet. However, it has been observed over the past year by the top management of MIB that mail-orders are decreasing over the past few quarters. Therefore, it needs to immediately look for alternatives to mail-orders in order to keep running a positive cash flow. 3) From your analysis above, write a considered assessment of what needs to be done to develop and strengthen Making It Bigs competencies and capabilities, to the point where the company has a competitive advantage. The SWOT analysis conducted above presents a picture for MIB that if proper steps are not taken immediately, it could risk loosing its business to the competition. The owner-manager, Cynthia, needs to take helm of affairs and be able to come up with a business strategy and a plan to implement it that not only neutralizes all the threats but also drastically contribute to the growth of MIB as an enterprise. One important part of the overall strategy that MIB needs to develop must include augmenting the strength of already hard-working and committed employees in the form of better marketing sales professionals. Care must be taken that the hired marketing personnel are able to launch effective campaigns that can drive sales even in hard economic times. Cynthia herself has not been able to fulfill this role properly and there are currently no one in this position within the organisation. Small business generally do not have the resources ot plan and purchase external advice and support; they are very susceptible to small environmental changes; owner-managers may not have the necessary experience for managing all aspects of a small business; and owner-managers cannot devote a lot of time to consciously working through plans because of day-to-day work pressures. A consequence of this is that owner-managers tend to have a shorter and more functional emphasis on planning. (S. Carter D. Jones-Evans, 2006) Therefore this emphasis on marketing can cause positive change for MIB at large. Another strategic planning that MIB needs to conduct is to look for sales outside the confines of its base city and state of California. Even though MIB is not geared for globalization just yet but it is in a position to dramatically increase its market share as well as its brand recognition by effectively marketing its products in the rest of the states of Americas. MIB has a very strong manufacturing arm and an able manufacturing manager, which can handle increasing the production capacity as well as increase in order processing. Going beyond the psychological boundaries of its base city and state isnt easy. MIB may have to forge new partnerships with garments retailers in other parts of America. This can eventually result in reduction of financial pressure due to marketing and also raise its brand recognition among the new set of customers across the country. It has also been observed that the mail-in orders are decreasing over the last few quarters. This may be because of the increase in the usage of internet based business. MIB needs to invest heavily on generating more business electronically by investing heavily on its e-commerce infrastructure. This will not only prove to be a viable alternative but if executed correctly can give significant boost to the existing sales. Another aspect that Cynthia as an owner of MIB can improve upon is by hiring experienced managers with relevant educational background. It seems that the new hired managers have matching skills and relevant past experience yet they fail to build a sound strategy that can help Cynthia steer the business towards increasing sales. A couple of vocational training courses may not be adequate to make these managers think outside the box. Therefore, MIB needs to invest in hiring seriously strong candidates with relevant qualifications and education. Cynthia needs to take some vocational training as well as management courses to improve her perspective of her business and the market in general. Another aspect clearly missing from the case study as well as Cynthias perspective is that there is no mention of any SWOT analysis done for the MIBs competitors. Without a competitors analysis there can be no strategic planning that can yield significant positive change. 4) How well do you think the tools and techniques for crafting and executing business strategy work for small businesses run by owner-managers with limited resources (including key staff members)? Overtime strategic planning has been evolved into a concept that is commonly considered as the most effective solution to all the business issues. Some businesses follow strategic planning so religiously and focus so much of their energies on their strategic plan that it seems like their primary product. Even though, appropriately executed strategic plans are wonderful. However, they must be taken as a tool of a corporation to achieve its goals, not to make them a goal unto themselves. Most importantly the strategic plans must not take most of the valuable time of employer or employees. Several business ventures also carry a misguided belief that strategic planning is reserved only for large businesses that can afford the effort, time and resources to develop a sound plan. However, a small business intends to compete against the industrial big guns in the marketplace then it is imperative to guess some of their tactics and game plans and strategic planning is a primary component of any successful and large venture. It also does not suggests that a small venture needs all the bells and whistles and the complexity of larger corporations strategic plans. For a working entrepreneur it is possible to devise a good working draft in a matter of hours that is sound enough for the small business to keep on the course to becoming a solid competitor. The original idea of strategic planning is to set up a strategy that a small business is going to follow over a short to medium term of time period. It can be for a specific business unit, like strategizing a production planning strategy, or it can for the whole of a business. Usually its the job of board of directors to set an overall strategy for the whole of business and to execute that high-level strategy each area of the company plans their strategy which is compliant with the overall strategy. Various businesses use various periods of time for the planning of their strategies. Basically, this time period depends on rate of change the industry is going through. In a fast-changing environment for example the internet, devising a 5-year plan is worthless. For slowly changing industries th

Bigger: Native son :: essays research papers

Bigger: A real threat?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme that Native Son author Richard Wright puts in this story is that the white community makes Bigger act the way he does, that through the communities actions, Bigger does all the things he is accused of doing. The theme that I present is that Bigger only acts the way that he did because of the influences that the white community has had on him accepted by everyone. When Bigger gets the acceptance and love he has always wanted, he acts like he does not know what to do, because really, he does not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Native Son, Bigger uses his instincts and acts like the white people around him have formed him to act. They way that he has been formed to act is to not trust anyone. Bigger gets the acceptance and love he wanted from Mary and Jan, but he still hates them and when they try to really get to know him, he ends up hurting them. He is scared of them simply because he has never experienced these feelings before, and it brings attention to him fro m himself and others. Once Bigger accidentally kills Mary, he feels for the first time in his life that he is a person and that he has done something that somebody will recognize, but unfortunately it is murder. When Mrs. Dalton walks in and is about to tell Mary good night, Bigger becomes scared stiff with fear that he will be caught committing a crime, let alone rape. If Mrs. Dalton finds out he is in there he will be caught so he tries to cover it up and accidentally kills Mary. The police ask why he did not just tell Mrs. Dalton that he was in the room, Bigger replies and says he was filled with so much fear that he did not know what else to do and that he did not mean to kill Mary. He was so scared of getting caught or doing something wrong that he just tried to cover it up. This is one of the things that white people have been teaching him since he can remember. The white people have been teaching him to just cover things up by how the whites act to the blacks. If a white man does something bad to a black man the white man just covers it up a little and everything goes back to normal.

Birth Control Availibilty :: Contraceptives, Birth Control Essays

Some believe contraceptives should be available at cost to those who can afford them, available to legal adults who cannot, and/or available to students through public schools. Some religious traditions, based on their view of reproduction, oppose birth control availability for everyone. There are religious traditions that oppose women's autonomy, and as such, are especially opposed to contraceptives for women. Some who oppose sex outside of marriage believe that distribution of condoms in schools encourages adolescent sexual activity. Those who oppose abortion but not birth control often favor condom distribution to reduce pregnancies. The government is interested in preventing the spread of sexually-transmitted diseases and reducing the number of unwanted pregnancies and children who are wards of the state or supported by state funds. One reason that many students are not sexually active, is because of the lack of protection or the embarrassment of buying protection at a local dru g store. And while this would mean sex without protection to many young adults, there are a lot who would refrain from experimenting with sex because of not having protection. By putting a condom dispenser in high school bathrooms, this gives that percentage of teens nice, easy, and anonymous access to condoms. Thus possibly resulting in an increase of sexually active students. Why not leave condoms at the local drug stores, and make it as hard as possible to comfortably buy protection. The embarrassment alone, might keep a few teenagers from having sex.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only would putting condom dispensers in high school allow anonymous purchasing of protection, but it might also promote sex to the crowd of people that should not even know what sex is. Imagine walking into the bathroom one morning and there against the back wall is a condom machine.

Of Course Theyre Worth It :: Sports Athletics Texas Essays

Of Course They're Worth It The year 2004 promises to be exciting for sports fans and sports figures alike! Let's look at the state of Texas for instance: sports fans in Houston have the opportunity to enjoy professional sports' greatest show, the Super Bowl, in February, and then the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in July. Sports fans in San Antonio will welcome back their NBA Champion Spurs, and fans in Dallas will most likely be filling the seats of Texas Stadium to cheer on America's Team once again. For the athletes who call Texas home, 2004 might not be as exciting as it is lucrative. Up the middle, the Texas Rangers organization will pay nearly $30 million for sub-par defense and a combined .250 batting average, and $21 million alone is wrapped up in one man, Alex Rodriguez. Despite being the fourth best team in the Western Division year after year, Mark Cuban's Dallas Mavericks have the highest payroll in the league with four players making over $10 million in 2004. I guess you don't have to be from Texas to make bank as a professional athlete, though. Those guys on the hard-wood are doing okay I suppose. Orlando Magic shooting guard Tracy McGrady will "earn" about $13.5 million in 2004. Jason Kidd of the New Jersey Nets will make close to $17.5 million while Pacer center Jermaine O'Neal will rake in about $18 million in 2004. Am I the only one who thinks this is ridiculous? If that isn't enough, just take a look at baseball. Guys like Shawn Green, Pedro Martinez, and Carlos Delgado will all make close to $20 million each in 2004. Is this fair? Do these guys really deserve that kind of money? Does it make sense that a teacher, someone who shapes the lives of so many other people, makes around $40 thousand a year while these guys make that in about three and a half innings of play or a few trips up and down the court? From a purely ethical standpoint, I think it's safe to say that professional athletes are not worth the millions of dollars they get paid each season, no matter how many points they score a game, how many boards they pull a night, or how many home runs they hit a season. However, from a purely economic standpoint, it's hard to argue that professional athletes who generate billions of dollars a year in revenue for their respective cities aren't deserving of that kind of money. Of Course They're Worth It :: Sports Athletics Texas Essays Of Course They're Worth It The year 2004 promises to be exciting for sports fans and sports figures alike! Let's look at the state of Texas for instance: sports fans in Houston have the opportunity to enjoy professional sports' greatest show, the Super Bowl, in February, and then the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in July. Sports fans in San Antonio will welcome back their NBA Champion Spurs, and fans in Dallas will most likely be filling the seats of Texas Stadium to cheer on America's Team once again. For the athletes who call Texas home, 2004 might not be as exciting as it is lucrative. Up the middle, the Texas Rangers organization will pay nearly $30 million for sub-par defense and a combined .250 batting average, and $21 million alone is wrapped up in one man, Alex Rodriguez. Despite being the fourth best team in the Western Division year after year, Mark Cuban's Dallas Mavericks have the highest payroll in the league with four players making over $10 million in 2004. I guess you don't have to be from Texas to make bank as a professional athlete, though. Those guys on the hard-wood are doing okay I suppose. Orlando Magic shooting guard Tracy McGrady will "earn" about $13.5 million in 2004. Jason Kidd of the New Jersey Nets will make close to $17.5 million while Pacer center Jermaine O'Neal will rake in about $18 million in 2004. Am I the only one who thinks this is ridiculous? If that isn't enough, just take a look at baseball. Guys like Shawn Green, Pedro Martinez, and Carlos Delgado will all make close to $20 million each in 2004. Is this fair? Do these guys really deserve that kind of money? Does it make sense that a teacher, someone who shapes the lives of so many other people, makes around $40 thousand a year while these guys make that in about three and a half innings of play or a few trips up and down the court? From a purely ethical standpoint, I think it's safe to say that professional athletes are not worth the millions of dollars they get paid each season, no matter how many points they score a game, how many boards they pull a night, or how many home runs they hit a season. However, from a purely economic standpoint, it's hard to argue that professional athletes who generate billions of dollars a year in revenue for their respective cities aren't deserving of that kind of money.

Principles of diversity Essay

Assignment overview In this assignment you will consider best practice in promoting diversity, equality and inclusion which does not discriminate against others. You will look at relevant legislation, codes of practice and regulations governing adult social care and consider the consequences for a variety of people if these are not followed. You are asked to consider your own attitudes and beliefs and how these may impact on how you treat people and to reflect on your own practice. Tasks There are three tasks to this assignment. A Short answer questions B Leaflet C Reflective account This is a summary of the evidence required for the unit. Task Evidence Learning outcomes covered A Short answer questions 1.1, 1.2, 3.1 B Leaflet 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.2, 3.3 C Reflective account 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 Task A Short answer questions Ai Explain in your own words what each term means. Give one example from care practice to illustrate your explanations. SHC 33 1.1) Diversity Diversity means variety, an example of this is society, where people very in a multitude of ways, including sex, age, sexual orientation, physical characteristics such as height, weight and skin colour, personal experiences and attributes, such as beliefs, values and preferences. Care settings  reflect the diversity of the population, an example of which is diet, some people have specific dietary needs, some may need food that is pureed due to swallowing difficulties, others may follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, people from different cultural and religious backgrounds have specific dietary needs. Equality Equality is treating people fairly regardless of their differences, ensuring that they have access to the same life opportunities. An example of this in the care setting is Ability, a lack of understanding about the needs of people with physical or mental disabilities results in them finding it difficult to make the most of life’s opportunities, an example of this in the care setting is persons not taking part in activities as they may not be suitable to their needs, this can lead to them being socially excluded, we need to ensure that there are a range of activities to suit all needs. Inclusion Inclusion is accepting everyone, regardless of difference, it is about getting rid of intolerance of difference and providing help and support where appropriate. The act of inclusion brings about a feeling of wellbeing and builds on a person’s confidence, ensuring that everyone can meet their full potential. Within a care home setting each individual has differing needs that have to be continually monitored and assessed to ensure that they are getting the most out of life for example a person’s mobility needs changing should not exclude them, they need to be given the correct level of support to take part and feel included in the day to day living that they enjoyed previously. Discrimination Discrimination is a form of prejudice, it is an attitude or way of thinking based on unfounded, unreasonable pre judgement of a person or situation, not one based on factual assessment, and it can cause a barrier that makes it difficult for a person to make progress or to achieve goals. An example of this in the care setting is not giving choice to a resident with things such as what they wish to eat if there’s only one choice for those that are in need of a pureed diet but three different meals available to other resident’s. Aii For each of the following people/groups of people, describe two different possible effects of discrimination. (SHC 33 1.1) An Individual The effects of discrimination on an individual; 1) Short term effects on an individual can include intimidation, humiliation, resentment and anger. 2) Long term effects can bring about feelings of inferiority, loss of self-worth and confidence a distrust and fear of others, leading to social exclusion. Their Families The effects on a person’s family; 1) The injustice of discrimination not only has an effect on the individual but also their family, by denying people opportunities such as education they cannot find employment or live in decent housing, this in turn leads to victims and their family’s being in deprivation, without a good standard of living. 2) Discrimination can cause the breakup of a family, this is due to the stress that is caused. Wider society The effects of discrimination on wider society; 1) Discrimination in the long term results in deprivation for whole groups in society, such as the elderly. 2) Discrimination has brought about a postcode lottery with unequal availability of services in different parts of the country. Those who discriminate The effects on those who discriminate; 1) They would be in breach of the equality act 2010 and as such in contravention of the law this can lead to both fines and imprisonment. 2) Those who discriminate show a lack of concern for others, their beliefs, culture and preferences showing a lack of concern, this in turn brings into doubt the person’s ability to care, Health and social care workers have a responsibility to provide a high level of care, anything else would be neglect. Aiii Identify three ways of challenging discrimination, and describe how each will promote change. 1)  Work place discrimination can be challenged by analysing why the person behaves in a discriminatory manor, an example may be they were brought up in an environment where labelling, stereotyping and negative prejudice were normal behaviour and so not questioned. This needs to be explored privately, for example during an appraisal where behaviour can be questioned and required changes can be agreed and recorded with their success being measured. 2) Informal discussions provide opportunity to reflect on the dire effects of discrimination, talking through these issues and imagining how it must feel to experience unfair, unjust treatment, can have powerful effects on thinking and behaviour, hence bringing about change in mind set. 3) Education is a way of challenging discrimination, ensuring that persons abide by work place policies and procedures and codes of practice including those that relate to anti-discrimination policies. Good communication skills enable discrimination to be challenged in an assertive yet encouraging way to bring about behaviour change. Task B Leaflet Bi Your work setting is running an induction course for new social care workers in an adult social care setting. Create a leaflet, which can be used to support this course. The leaflet must include the following: a) A description of the legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. b) An explanation of the possible consequences for individuals, social care workers and others if the legislation and codes of practice are not followed. c) A description of how inclusive practice can promote equality and support diversity. d) An explanation of how to support others to promote diversity, equality and inclusion. Leaflet enclosed. Bii Give two examples of how you could raise awareness of diversity, equality and inclusion. (SHC 33 1.1) 1) Training and discussion; Training and discussion in one to one meetings or groups of staff, raise awareness of equality, diversity and inclusion. The more they will engage in discussion and obtain training about this issue the more they will learn and be aware of it and also put it in to their everyday practice. 2) Through providing leaflet, information and policies and procedures; Providing leaflets and sufficient information regarding diversity and equality will raise awareness to a social care worker by having knowledge about it. It also helps them to know about the consequences if agreed ways of working are not followed. Task C Reflective account (SHC 33 2.2) Ci Write a reflective account describing: †¢ How your personal preferences, attitudes, heritage and beliefs might impact on working practice. †¢ How to ensure that your own practice is inclusive and respects the beliefs, culture, values and preferences of individuals. Suggested word count: 500 – 700 words (Enclosed as separate document) Cii Write a brief account that describes examples of inclusive practice. Inclusive practice, is about attitudes, approaches and strategies taken to ensure that people are not excluded or isolated. An examples of this would be; show respect, regardless of a person’s age, sex, sexual orientation race and ability, with regard to their believes, culture , values and preferences. It is good to model care on Principles of care that promote inclusive work practice, letting personal preferences shape the way you work, supporting individuals in retaining their cultural dignity, such as how they choose to dress and maintain their personal hygiene. Respect the need to maintain confidentiality of personal and sensitive information, ensure that persons are not disadvantaged but can access equal opportunities for example by making sure they receive help and support that is appropriate for their needs. (SHC 33 3.1, 3.2) Ciii Write a brief account that describes practice, which excludes the individual and is discriminatory. Taking away a person’s personal preferences can excluded the individual and the care worker would not be demonstrating ‘inclusive practice’, examples of this would be denying someone the opportunity to worship in the way their religion dictates this would be excluding them, a person not being given the chance to choose what to wear takes away from their right to equality and may impact on their cultural dignity. Not allowing for a person’s dietary requirements an example of this might be a vegetarian not being able to have the same amount of choices as a person who eats meat. A person who needs to use a wheelchair could be excluded from taking part in an activity due to problems with access this would cause them to be disadvantaged and discriminated against. By not using the person cantered approach within health and social care you would not be following best practice leading to people being denied their freedom and this is a form of neglect and may be see n as abuse.

Factors Influencing Media and Media Reports in Nigeria

By Chidera onyemenam As comprehensive as this topic might seem, factors influencing media as it concerns structure, number of outlets and contents can be broadly classified into two. a) EXTERNAL FACTORS                                              b) INTERNAL FACTORS EXTERNAL FACTORS: this covers the influence on the media as a result of the environment within which the mass media communication system operates.They include:                                              i)cultural influence                                              ii) influence of the Economy                                              iii) political influence                                                iv)Religious influence                                              v)   Legal influence                                              vi) Technological influence                                              vii)Influence of Security INTERNAL FACTORS: theses are influences on the media that take place inside the media organisation. It is not readily obvious to the entire populace.Some of these influences are even denied by the media workforce. Some of these factors include:                                                 i)Media bias                                                 ii) Ownership control                                                 iii)Wealth iv)   Threats Both classified factors are instrumental to the state of the media in Nigeria. In this regard, the state of media in Nigeria differs from that in south Africa, since the conditions in which they both operate, differ. This chapter seeks to identify and explain these different conditions and factors and how they directly affect our country Nigeria.EXTERNAL FACTORS                                                    CULTURAL INFLUENCE Culture as defined by Clyde Wuckhohn (1905-1960) an influential American anthropologist is the total way of life commonly followed by the members of a society. He also describes it as a social legacy that an individual acquires from his group. According to Clyde as stated by Ifedayo Daramola in his book ‘Media and Society' (2005), culture includes values, beliefs, customs, religion, technology, and the roles people play in them.In the same vein, Sir Edward B Tylor defines culture as,                                              that complex whole which includes knowledge, arts morals,                                                law,custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired                                                  by man as a member of a society. (1871) Sharing the same views with him, Chinoy (1967) defines culture as                                                † everything in the environment which is not in the form                                                  originally given it by nature. Therefore culture includes all the acquired traits which the members of a society have in common, but one of the inborn ones. In other words, cultural traits are traits that are generally accepted and embibed. Consequent upon these definitions, we can conclude that culture includes language, the philosophy, the religion, values, ideologies,moral codes, rituals, political beliefs and even style of greeting found among a people. This subsequently influences the thought pattern and idea of what is and what is not morally acceptable.For instance, the African culture strongly abhors expository attir es, whereas it means little or nothing to an American. The media exists for the society and so their first point of duty and allegiance is to their major audience. However, the bulk of the Nigerian audience is complex, stratified, differentiated and inter-related in so many ways. Considering this factor, the Nigerian media seeks to maintain a balance between their media report and the diverse cultures present.Making sure to rightly represent and not offend any culture in favour of another. In this regard, the media seeks to promote, all existing cultures since its products will ultimately be handed down to these diverse audience for consumption. With the difference in philosophies and ideologies,the mass media is careful to tailor their news and advert with all sensitivity to the philosophies of their target audience. With respect to culture also, the mass media has coined ways to disseminate information to all and sundry.In this light, the NTA news sub-stations in different States, broadcast news in the various languages common there. For example NTA Benue State broadcasts news in TiV and Idoma (the two most common tribes in Benue State). In conjunction with this localisation of news, local newspapers in different States exist to address the particular ideas and needs of that immediate society. These steps are taken to sustain audience patronage and increase coverage of a media outfit in a given region or society.The cultural influence on media has made it possible to reach all facets of society including the masses and minority. Television programmes like African Pot are solely dedicated to the promotion of diverse cultures. The media, thus stands to uphold promote and devote its time and space to adjust and fit into the boundaries of the peoples slated moral standards, values and belief. Anything contrary to this phenomenon will cause an uproar from all cultural groups and institutions within the country. LEGAL AND LEGISLATIVE INFLUENCE